The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10 -19 coulombs. The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. The total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the atomic number (or the proton number) of the atom and is given the symbol Z. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The chemical properties of the atom are determined by the number of protons, in fact, by number and arrangement of electrons.

There is a recurring pattern called the “periodic law” in their properties, in which elements in the same column (group) have similar properties. Generally, within one row (period) the elements are metals to the left, and non-metals to the right, with the elements having similar chemical behaviours placed in the same column.Įvery solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. It is organized in order of increasing atomic number.

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements. Looking to stay tuned for more news and events? Follow us on Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn, or subscribe to our newsletter. The elements are adjusted according to emerging practices and are conceived to address the needs of a variety of stakeholders. In summary, the Periodic Table of Open Data Elements provides a good summary of all major issues that open data practitioners should consider when developing strategies for release and use of open data. Risks: Mapping out risks associated with open data, such as privacy concerns, data security, and power asymmetries, as key step to design initiatives able to overcome and/or mitigate those risks.Partnerships: Unlocking the potential of collaboration by creating touchpoints with civil society, informing citizens through media partnerships, and/or striking partnerships across sectors.These governance issues can relate to standards and policies of data release, as well as risk mitigation and impact assessment. Governance: Realising how different governing decisions at ecosystem or demand level can negatively affect the impact of open data initiatives.Capacity and Culture: Being aware of the challenges that a lack of available resources, insufficient human capital and immature technological capabilities can create, both within a country´s open data ecosystem and on the demand side, i.e., among actors using open data and donor organisations funding them.This is essential to define an open data strategy and use resources efficiently. Problem and Demand Definition: Having a clear understanding of the problem to be addressed by open data – from identifying the intended audience to addressing the real causes rather than the symptoms of the problem.More specifically, the table clusters open data enabling and disabling elements along five central categories, which are likely to either facilitate or disrupt the success of open data projects when replicated across countries.

In the same way the Mendeleev´s periodic table describes the most important characteristics of chemical elements, the GovLab´s table depicts all enabling and disabling factors of open data initiatives´ impact. Based on existing literature and case studies, the GovLab has developed a Periodic Table of Open Data Elements.

S periodic table